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Hospital bills and insurance denials, explained

Plain-English guides to reading a hospital bill, catching billing errors, and appealing an insurance denial. Written by the founder - no jargon, no upsell.

• Uninsured? Why you should still demand the itemized bill

  Uninsured hospital bill discount and self-pay rights: why demanding the itemized bill first is the step that lowers what you pay, before you negotiate anything.

• What "CO-45" and other EOB codes actually mean

  What does CO-45 mean on an EOB? A plain-English list of the common EOB adjustment and denial codes, what each one tells you, and which ones you should never pay.

• EOB vs bill: the one comparison that catches overcharges

  EOB vs medical bill: what the difference is, why an EOB is not a bill, and how comparing the two catches balance billing and charges you do not actually owe.

• The 7 most common hospital billing errors and how to spot each

  The most common hospital billing errors - duplicates, unbundling, upcoding, wrong units, and balance billing - with a plain way to spot each one on your itemized bill.

• How to read an itemized hospital bill, line by line

  How to read an itemized hospital bill line by line: what each column means, how to find a duplicate charge, and how to check the bill against your EOB.